ABSTRACTS
DEL CONVEGNO INTERNAZIONALE DI SCIENZA E BENI CULTURALI
-anno
2003-
LA
REVERSIBILITÀ NEL RESTAURO
Riflessioni,
Esperienze, Percorsi di Ricerca
Restauro,
conservazione e reversibilità in architettura – brevi note.
n.d.
Francesco Doglioni, Paola
Squassina
Gradi di reversibilità nel restauro strutturale.
This
report deals with some conceptual themes concerning reversibility in structural
restoration, and aims at a defìnition and a
graduation of the different purposes along which the field of consolidation
ranges, that is repair, static consolidation, seismic improvement, structural strenghtening. Some cases of intervention with a different
character of reversibility are instanced, and a last case in which a steady
structural device is removed.
It is
worth laying special stress on the importance of an exact documentation of
works done, in order to a future removal or integration as well.
Key-word: dissesto, restauro strutturale, reversibilità culturale
Il rispetto dell’esistente e l’irreversibilità dell’azione
The
“principle of reversibility” is discussed here. Modern science, however, does
not believe in reversibility at all: time is irreversible, all actions are
irreversible. The word “reversibility”,
in the matter of fact, is given different meanings in the various fields of
conservation. Often it is not else that avoiding to touch the fabric of
buildings. That’s why it would be better not to speak or reversibility any
longer, undestanding that, in a vision of
Conservation as a process, the core of ethics is the attention for the
long-term outcome of any intervention. So the most fitting name of that
principle could be “principle of responsibility”.
KEY-WORDS
Reversibility, Responsibility.
La reversibilità nel restauro archeologico :
riflessioni su alcuni esempi di Sicilia e Magna Grecia.
This
essay proposes some reflections about reversibility in conservation of
archaeological sites. Moving by some examples about archaeological sites in
KEY-WORD:
Archaeological site, Time, Authenticity, Reversibility, Non-reversibility,
Completeness, Perception.
Carmelo Majorana, Giovanna
Giugni
Riflessioni teoriche sul concetto di reversibilità.
Two
different complementary aspects are afforded in this paper, about reversibility’s
concept in Restoration: a restoration theoretical approach and a material
behaviour within a structural framework. The first one stems from some basic
sources of main authors in Restoration’s Architectural History with the
objective of pointing out their own theoretical reversibility’s ideas.
The
second one is devoted to the thermodynamic and mechanical aspects of
reversibility’s concept in structures made by brickwork, stones and wood based
material of Monumental Restoration.
Conclusion are traced regarding reversibility on the light of up-to-date material
behaviour and historical Restoration theoretical approaches.
Key –
words: Restoration, Architectural History; reversibility. Porous
materials. Thermodynamic, anelastic
properties.
Giorgio Giallocosta, Simona
G. Lanza, Michela Ravera
Reversibilità e memoria: immanenza dei limiti e coerenza degli
obiettivi.
The
philosophic, theoretical and phenomenological aspects of the concept of
reversibility can not ignore the following evident dichotomy: the consequences
of any operational action interfering with the status quo of the built
architecture, although bearing conflicting objectives, anyway reveal some
characteristics of irreversibility. In this sense, a transposition in
operational terms of the theoretical propositions of reversibility in
restoration (or rehabilitation) can only be realized in the form of a tendency,
and its effects can be validated in relation with the minimization of the same
irreversibility characteristics that are in any case involved.
Also,
the maintenance of the values and memories of the existing heritage can not
leave apart the above operational interferences, these being the carriers of
irreversible transformations (although aimed at contrasting objectives).
However the maintenance of such values and memories, in any case worth being
addressed, involves not only the material but also the immaterial components of
architecture (spaces, distributive solutions, etc.), both of them depositary of
the former ones. Past living cultures, ways of using spaces, ambients, etc, are indeed documental values worth being
preserved as well, avoiding unacceptable concealments and minimizing
operational irreversible actions that can not be eluded (at least in terms, as
far as possible, of suitable reading and explaining facilitations).
KEY-WORD Reversibility, Memory, Immateriality
Reversibilità delle opere di consolidamento tradizionali.
Works
of traditional static consolidation produced by restoration culture were
specific to confer stability on building, increasing the compression strengths
resistance, making the structure compact and opposing the forming of
instability through traction resistance elements, through stirrups, chains,
braces, spurs, buttresses, rampant arches, pinnacles, framework of wooden beams
and substitution of their heads, under-masonry, under-foundations, etc.
It’s a
largely question of evident interventions that, from a point of view,
compromised the image of the building but, from another point of view, they
didn’t altered the static behavior of the structure,
preserving the matter.
Manuals
of traditional construction and the attitude of some restorers of the past show
how, sometimes, it’s better an evident addition, but easily removable and
therefore reversible, than a dissimulated intervention, but more substantial
respect the physical texture of the object (for instance through restorations
with reinforced concrete).
KEY-WORD
Reversibility, traditional consolidations, visibility, to dismantle,
compatibility, neutrality, durability.
Ciro Piccioli , Carolina
Scavone, Valentina Piccioli
. Aspetti scientifici della reversibilità e della complessità nel
percorso di restauro: orizzonti di ricerca
The
irreversibility of the degradation processes is an existential data of the
Cultural property that the attached know very well because is strictly
connected to the spontaneous evolution of the systems, in our case the cultural
heritage and its environment. The
reasons behind the introduction of the concept of reversibility go back to the
beginning of the century and are political and philosophical reasons, as Cesar
Brandi expressed in his unexcelled job.
Those
reasons find their origin
the conjuncture between positivism, historical materialism,
material culture and awareness of the great value of the cultural
heritage. Chemistry, as a science of the
trans – formation,
is the product of the rise of the positivism within the western modern
society and it becomes the guarantor of
the application of the concept of reversibility in the protection of the
cultural heritage; chemistry but
not the chemical one.
The
praxis of the restoration doesn’t refuse the principle, but find it hard to
apply; it
happens also especially because the praxis refuse the social control, so we
assist in the practice to an operational
limit of the guarantee. The concept of
reversibility, in the confused and conflicting scene of behaviours of conservation and
restoration, keeps its power of organizing the collectives behaviours in matter
of protection of the cultural heritage. The legislation in matter of protection of the
Cultural Goods exalts three aspects:
valorisation, protection, and fruition.
Three necessary and conflicting concepts that are the new frontiers of
the reversibility in the conservation of the cultural heritage.
The
positivism, in the thought of
Comte, identifies the
human science as the last aim of all other experimental sciences. The
empiricist face of the positivism, due to the tumultuous development of natural
sciences at the end of the XIX sec and due to a connected development of the
technology, gave to sciences an eminently practical aim.
Key
word: Reversibility, Chemistry, complexity, restoring, positivism, empirism
Franca
Maselli Scotti, Annalisa De Comelli, Fabiana Pieri
. Il restauro dei siti archeologici urbani: un percorso di ricerca
The
archaeological excavations carried out within the largest project of urban
retrieval in an area in the historical centre of Trieste, led to a few problems
regarding the use and fruition of the cultural goods and their conservation in
the light of different restoration approaches matured within these last years.
In
particular we will suggest the case of a section of a Roman road and its
connecting structures near the Roman arch called the “Arco di
Riccardo”. Reversibility was the concept at the base
of the choice, not only of the materials and the products for the surface’s
consolidation and protection, but also of the architectural solutions that
allow to visit the site.
Choosing
to privilege “reversibility”, we thought about the problem of the restoration’s
“durability”, above all in relation to the maintenance of cultural goods. The
vulnerability of the goods exclusively regards, in fact, the territory
concerning the archaeological site and is influenced, furthermore, by natural
factors, as well as by factors of anthropical nature,
such as the maintenance of the site.
KEY
WORDS: Reversibility – durability – maintenance- urban archaeological area
Il criterio della reversibilità è applicabile al restauro?
What
does reversibility mean in restoration field? And again, can reversibility be
found in every kind of restoration work?
Should
be admitted that the word, as scientific terminology, is only a theorethical abstraction not applyable
to restoration? or is it possible to get it in a
different meaning, less scientific but more flexible for different fields of
intervention?
Cases on surfaces and structure restoration.
KEY
WORDS: reversibility, scientific terminology
La reversibilità negli interventi sulle architetture allo stato di rudere
Nd
Identità e reversibilità dell’immagine urbana
The
essay proposes as a necessary ground of cities and landscapes preservation the
safeguard of memories of the historical relationships between their manifold
architectural and landscape components, such as its result from complex
historical processes. Reversibility appears in those fields impossible to be
proposed; and for such reason the essay sustains the aim of a careful and aware
integration Preservation/Design, conscious of the different times of physical
and functional obsolescence of the parts and functions, as well as the
opportunity of a design or restoration approach, that does not force itself
“over”, but it’s able to preserve both meanings and materials.
KEY-WORD
Architecture, Cities, Landscape, Reversibility
Reversibilità/irreversibilità nel restauro
La dicotomia reversibilità/irreversibilità è un problema centrale della riflessione scientifica, sul quale non si sono ancora raggiunte conclusioni definitive e indiscusse. Perfino il senso comune vorrebbe liberarsi dai vincoli spazio-temporali, aspirando a sottrarsi alla ineluttabilità delle leggi di natura. Ne sono testimonianza i miti, le leggende e il mondo delle fiabe, così come il romanzo, il teatro e il racconto storico. A partire dall'Umanesimo, anzi, la nuova idea di storia configura una sorta di plausibile viaggio nel passato, una possibilità di ripercorrere il tempo a ritroso, sia pure nel senso dell'immaginario. La potenza evocativa del lavoro storico viene, nel campo del restauro, trasferita alla materialità della fabbrica (dell'oggetto restaurato) in un'attività che punta ad attualizzare fasi costruttive del passato, a riguadagnare l'originario, a restituire le radici dell'opera. In tale prospettiva, anche la ricerca della reversibilità negli interventi operati dal restauratore trascende la semplice portata chimico-fisica dei processi e si collega, di fatto, al contenuto formale dell'opera, ad una reversibilità che punta a riguadagnare, attraverso la materia, i possibili valori culturali minacciati da eventi e da interventi nocivi.
La reversibilita’ nell’evoluzione
disciplinare del restauro
In the
history of restoration, the concept of reversibility – and its evolution –is
strictly related with the philosophical concept of time. This critical essay
deals with this headway, focalizing its main
connections.
Key-words:
Reversibility, concept of the time, history and theory of restoration,
project of restoration
La reversibilità e la compatibilità dei prodotti industriali sugli
intonaci tradizionali
Unfortunately,
recent façade restoration in our urban old quarters has been more strongly
determined by financial or scenery reasons rather than by social or heritage
ones. Such situation is shaping an urban landscape more and more dominated by
artificial commercial products, imposed on traditional techniques. Is it
possible to find a reversible process that does not harm ancient stucco?. We all have witnessed the technical and aesthetic damage
synthetic products from the petrochemical industry do to historic buildings. We
have replaced empirical artisan knowledge with increasingly sophisticated and
costly magistral formulas and instruments. Nowadays,
whereas all industrial products are supposed to be officially approved,
certified and warranted, we do not yet know how to classify manual processes or
how to evaluate the compatibility between recent and traditional materials.
These are some of the reasons why we attempt to establish a methodology of
non-destructive trials, which will allow us to guess with some independence and
precision, what actually happens when a lime whitewash is repainted, how the
morphology of its surface changes or what different reactions involve whether
an protective is dissolved or emulsified.
Key-word:
Reversibility; Façade restoration; Stucco; Compatibility; Industrial products.
La reversibilita’ nei sistemi di
marginamento della laguna di venezia
The
natural systems formed by living organisms continuously change and this is
particularly true for the lagoon environments formed by a complex microhabitat;
the “Area Plan for the Lagoon of Venice”, in order to safeguard its
peculiarities, prescribes that any intervention inside the lagoon area must be
reversible. It was tried to face the problem of the erosion of the sandbanks’
borders by using wooden fencings that, sometimes, because of an early
deterioration, have proved to be ineffective. For this reason, it is now
testing new techniques of bordering based on the use of modular structures
realised with geo-meshes of different degrees of strength and degradation,
filled with heterogeneous materials with different effectiveness in adsorbing
waves-motion. These modular structures, when formed by natural materials only,
tend to deteriorate naturally and can become again part of the system itself;
on the contrary, if the structures are formed by natural elements mixed
together with synthetic products, it is necessary to put particular care
in the project in order to guarantee the complete reversibility.
Key-word:
lagoon, sandbanks, borders, geo-meshes, reversibility, renaturalization.
Alberto Arenghi, Stefano
Della Torre, Gian Paolo Treccani
Reversibilità e fruibilità dell’architettura: il tema delle barriere
architettoniche
The
theme of accessibility and reversibility is faced referring to the indications
given by the Italian law and to the meaning of reversibility when the
conservation project and the use of the historic building is
considered according to the principles of the 'Inclusive Design'. Actually the
Italian law suggests to adopt provvisional
and removable solutions when architectural barriers are to be eliminated and
this indication can be understood to carry out accessibility through reversible
solutions. Since the intervention to eliminate architectural barriers should be
characterized by functionality, durability and composing quality, reversibility
cannot be accetable and should be neglected and
replaced by responsability. Some significative
examples are shown
KEY-WORDS:
Accessibility, Reversibility, “Inclusive Design”, Architectural Barriers
Francesca Albani, Matteo
Albasi, Elena Boldetti, Francesco Bonacci, Alessandra
Oppio
Reversibilità e compatibilità dell’impiantistica
nel progetto di conservazione
The
reuse of historic buildings is important for their conservation. Compatibility between destination
and morphology of a building is very complex. Different aspects must be considerated in the design of the system: life-safety,
comfort, flexibility, easy maintenance, conservation of buildings. Health and
safety standards in an old building are not the same used in a new one. The reuse of interstitial areas and of external systems is good for
conservation of materials in historic buildings and allow reversibility.
A few
examples show the way the installation of new systems in an old building could
have a high level of reversibility.
KEY-WORD:
reversibility, compatibility, reuse, systems, conservation, restoration
Tecnologia e progetto per la reversibilita’
Reversible,
compatible, durable, acceptable … these are just a few of the adjectives that,
for better or worse, have defined – at least in the intentions - many of the
reclamation and renovation interventions done on historic buildings in the
recent years. However, little notice has been given to
the effective outcome of this ostensible reversibility, compatibility,
durability, and whatever else, nor does it seem possible to set up an objective
framework for these evaluations. Several
injudicious or even slipshod interventions allow us to make some considerations
as regards the issue of reversibility. The general concept lends itself to
broad and complex interpretations but perhaps, it can be interpreted as regard
for and deference to the past, present and future of a building, to those who
have commissioned and built it, and to those who use it today or will have to
use it in the future. Today, as the field of application of renovation in the
construction industry seems to be expanding to embrace the more marginal areas
of interest without excessively altering the traditional investigative and
operating tools, we might well ask what is necessary to achieve reversibility
in a "renovation" intervention. In our analysis into several recent
interventions, we intend to investigate more extensively the concepts discussed
here. The objective is to substantiate the theory whereby the reversibility of
an intervention must or can be determined by a design approach that considers
the past, present and future of the building undergoing the intervention and
not only the technical aspects in question.
KEY-WORD:
Reversibility – Design – Technology – Building
Salvatore D'Agostino,
Mariangela Bellomo
Il concetto di reversibilita’ nel restauro
costruttivo. Riflessioni ed esperienze
Some
observations are made concerning constructive restoration and the problem of
establishing a chronology for successive interventions. The concept of
reversibility in conservation is formulated on the basis of the integrity of
the monument and the reversibility of interventions. The criteria established
for ensuring sufficient integrity and reversibility are then applied to various
cases of constructive restoration, ranging from the temples at Paestum to Castello Caetani in Rome and the complex of Citroniera
- Scuderia della Reggia Sabauda di Venaria Reale.
Key-Word:
Historical Heritage, Conservation, Reversibility
Stefania Cancellieri,
Fabrizio De Cesaris
Alcuni aspetti della reversibilità nel restauro dei beni architettonici
The
concept of reversibility, to the first analysis, could seem convergent and
parallel with the concept of the material compatibility, in that it is
respectful and not invasive. However, to a more careful analysis, it is
revealed quite in contrast to it if the formal aspect is taken in
consideration.
The
present contribution illustrates various participations, with strong structural
valence, in which they are evidenced distinguished modality of interpretation
of the concept of reversibility in connection with the various contexts.
The
operating choices must, in fact, to take into consideration more than abstract
reversibility, unattainable or often harmful figuratively, also of other
valences that carry to specify and better to characterize a practicable and
finalized reversibility to the protection of the valuable aspects of the work,
critically characterizes in one scale to you of peculiar and meaningful
priorities of the specific case.
The
examination of these cases, heterogenous and
particular, wants to evidence the variety of the aspects with which, in the
yard of architectonic restoration, the reversibility concept brings up-to-date.
A side that it prevents to define an apodictic and ideological attitude and
that it imposes, to every occasion, a critical appraisal of the values in game.
Keywords:
reversibility, compatibility, invading, consolidation.
Enrico Guglielmo, Edoardo
Cosenza
Un esempio di miglioramento sismico reversibile: il caso del
campanile della chiesa di s. Lucia, serra san quirico -marche
Masonry
ancient buildings are relevant part of Italian cultural and architectural
heritage. After the recent 1997 Umbria-Marche
earthquake many historically and architecturally important buildings
experienced wide damages and losses. Due to recent architectural restoration
guidelines any developed intervention must do not change appearance, and must
be invasively limited. These principles, that are quite obvious from a cultural
and artistic point of view, are very restrictive constraints to engineers
design. Furthermore, traditional structural materials may be not suitable for
these purposes. Besides, innovative materials as composites may be helpful in
matching discussed requirements. This philosophy was applied to the design
process of the seismic retrofitting intervention for the bell
KEY-WORD
Bell-tower, seismic retrofit, composites, reversibility, dynamic identification
Carla Bortolozzi,
Giulia Carpignano, Fabio Fratini, Antonio Rava
Borgo e Rocca medievali a Torino: riflessioni e
esperienze intorno al tema della reversibilità.
The
“Medieval Borgo and Rocca”
was built on the banks of river
The
restoration processes implemented from time to time at the Borgo
have been inspired by changing theories and varying interpretations of the idea
of restoration itself. This study exemplifies some cases for which the concept
of “reversibility” of the intervention can be applied.
In
particular, we illustrate instances of frescos repairing and new analysis of
artificial stone.
In many
cases this consist of restoration of a previous restoration, to recover the omogeneous aspect of
surface repainted by 1960-‘70 intervenctions,
allowed by reversibility of acrilic sinthetic resins and made possible from the original sound
fresco tecnique.
KEY-WORD:
Restoration, medieval
castle,
Ingo Müller, André Musolff, Nicola Santopuoli,
Leonardo Seccia
Shape memory alloys for the
conservation of cultural heritage: new applications also for a real
reversibility in the restoration operation.
First
results are described of a research project that aims at realizing new types of
anchorages and dowels with shape memory alloys. These are applied in the field
of restoration of art works such as mosaics, frescoes and statues. Two
prototypes are described of which one is minimally invasive and the other one
is reversible.
Key-words:
shape memory alloys, parietal mosaics, statues, conservation, restoration,
reversibility
Silvia Vicini, Elisabetta Princi, Simona Gattorno,
Benedetta Massa, Enrico Pedemonte
Pietra di Finale:
caratterizzazione petrografia e problemi di reversibilità nel consolidamento
mediante polimerizzazione in situ.
In this
work, the properties of some polymeric materials used as consolidating and
protective products in the restoration field of stone manufactured objects, are
discussed. The penetration of polymeric consolidating products is very small
because of their macromolecular nature and in situ polymerisation of the
monomers is suggested as alternative technique to the use of macromolecular
solutions. The removal of
polymeric materials on Finale stone has been studied in order to
better understand the reversibility of treatments.
The
different types of Finale stone are geologically characterised by means
microscopy analysis and porosity measurements. The effects of Finale stone
porosity on the efficacy of treatment are studied.
Key-words:
stone porosity, in situ polymerisation, acrylic polymers, stone protection,
reversibility.
C. Atzeni,
A. Farci, D. Floris, L. Massidda,
P. Meloni, U. Sanna
Verifica della reversibilità di stuccature utilizzate
nella conservazione di strutture ciclopiche
(Nuraghe Genna Maria, Sardegna).
Conservative
interventions on ruins exposed to weathering are particularly difficult and
need rigorous criterion of effective reversibility. This paper refers on
problems encountered in defining conservative interventions on nuragic
Among
different potential solutions experimented, a particular earth-based mortar was
adopted for sealing spaces among stone blocks and so impede access into the
structure of meteoric water. After seven years since such conservative
intervention, the possibility of removing the mortar without any damage of stone blocks in
contact was verified so demonstrating its effective reversibility.
KEY-WORDS:
Gianni Vittorio Galliani*,
Giulia Beltrami**, Federica Ciribì
Gli interventi sugli organismi edilizi. Reversibilità tra modifiche e mutazioni
Buildings
are complex systems, that we can call built or architectural organisms,
according to their proneness to join or not. It’s a biological, not a
mechanical reality, that expresses the capability of
living together with their inhabitants, of renewing and modifying themself with people needs. Today, the postindustrial
reality is characterized by the employment of steel and reinforced concrete and
it applies industrial methodologies to objects realized through the preindustrial logic: skeletons in front of dermaskeletons; the first are realized in the postindustrial age, with concrete load-bearing bone structure
and the second are realized during the ancient regime, with a structural system
made of supporting septums in brick and stone. We
need a profound knowledge of these pre and post industrial materials and
technologies, but we also need to analyse the genetical
code of the ancient buildings, to intervene with correct actions. An ancient
construction can be interpreted as a DNA holder, on which depends the
structural logic of the building itself. This structural conception must be
respected during restorings, because this is the only
way to make a reversible action on the building. If the restoring happened in
contrast with the building genetical code, due to the
natural evolution of the building, a genetical
mutation would take place and the ancient organism, transformed in a mutant,
would lose its ancient performances, in an irreversible way, without acquiring
the new requisites.
Keywords:
Building organism, structural conception, reversibility, statical
restoring, urban planning, genoese
roofs
Gabriella Caterina, Vittorio
Fiore, Paola De Joanna Maria Cristina Forlani, Francesca Castagneto
Flessibilità e reversibilità nel progetto di spazi polifunzionali in
preesistenze storiche: riflessioni per il progetto di riuso
di Palazzo Cicada in Atri
The TERCAS
Architecture Prize in 2002 was promoted to develop rehabilitation projects for
Palazzo Cicada in Atri (I).
First
nucleus of this building was realised in XIV century and later it was enlarged
with the St. Andrea’s Church and the Franciscan Monastery. It was used with
various function until 1970, when it was closed.
On the
same site it was recently discovered an ancient roman theatre; half part of it
is located under the building and the other one was excavated and it is now
visible.
This
Prize constituted an opportunity to analyse the rehabilitation possibility of
an ancient building in order to follow both conservation request and new
scenarios of use. The function for this building were
defined in the announcement: auditorium, library and theatre.
This
contribute is aimed to describe how the proposed project realises the
integration between the primary structure and new function by employing
flexible and polyvalent equipment. The main objective was to minimise
transformations while giving a structure with different possible scenarios.
KEY-WORD: conservazione; fruizione; identità; reversibilità; trasformazioni; flessibilità.
La possibilita’
dell’ approccio reversibile negli interventi di
consolidamento strutturale (ovvero un inno al tirante e al puntone
The use
of technologically advanced struts and ties often represents an interesting
application, or at least an approach, of the criterion of reversibility in
structural consolidation of monuments. External and active, these elements are visible
and self-explaining, related to modern materials, as they are, with no mimetic
intentions and apt to permit a re-intervention on the building, if necessary or
convenient.
Some
examples of conservative consolidation design are presented, where old and new
materials and elements really work together, with reversibility in mind, to
preserve the testimony of the past.
Key-words Restoration, structural consolidation, reversibility, strut,
tie, design.
A. Calia, M. Lettieri, M. Masieri , G. Quarta
La reversibilità dei trattamenti conservativi: problemi di controllo
in sito e in laboratorio
Verifying
the reversibility of conservation treatments has proved problematic due to the
difficulty of obtaining experimental evidence both in situ and in the laboratory
which confirms the effective removal of the product from the stone. In relation
to this problem, we present the preliminary results of an experimental study on
the reversibility of a treatment performed with an aggregating–protective
product belonging to the class of fluorinated copolymers, on two calcarenitic materials, Carparo
and Pietra Leccese. These
are both highly porous materials but differ in their porosity structure; they
are widely used as construction materials in
The
study was carried out on experimental walls placed outdoors, comparing certain
parameters of the stone materials before treatment, after treatment and after
the removal of the product. The removal was carried out with poultices of absorbent
material impregnated with acetone, recommended by the manufacturer as being a
suitable solvent. The reversibility of the treatment applied was verified via
low pressure water absorption tests performed in situ and in the laboratory,
with capillary tests on cores of material taken from the walls, FT-IR analyses,
SEM observations and EDAX microanalysis.
From
the results obtained it emerged that the above-mentioned methodologies were
able to show that in the case of pietra leccese, the removal of the product was almost totally
successful. Some of the tests proved to be inapplicable to a material such as Carparo, while others not only showed that the product had
not been removed, but suggested that it had been redistributed over the
surface.
KEY-WORDS:
conservation, water repellent product, calcarenitic
stones, reversibility, control tests.
Oscar Chiantore,
Salvatore Coluccia, Marco Nicola, Admir
Masic
La reversibilità nel
consolidamento dei materiali lapidei: studio dell’intervento eseguito nel 1983
sulla statua della “Madonna della Consolata” di Torino.
In 1983
the
Key-Words:
consolidation, vacuum impregnation, marble, acrylic resins, magnetic resonance
imaging, monitoring, ageing
P. Maravelaki-Kalaitzaki, N. Kallithrakas-Kontos
Barium hydroxide as
strengthening agent for porous limestones: assessment of efficiency after
fifteen years of treatment
The
Cathedral of Chania,
KEYWORDS:
Barium hydroxide, stone, EDXRF, penetration depth, reversibility, compatibility
MariaRita Pinto, Stefania De Medici, Katia
Fabbricatti
Nuovi usi per edifici esistenti e reversibilità degli interventi
NEW
USES FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS AND REVERSIBILITY CONDITIONS
The aim
of the intervention on the built heritage is to extend the building’s
life-cycle, preserving, the matter and its cultural/historical role. To pursue
this objective, the adaptive-use (input of new functions) represents a
strategic element to assure continuous management and maintenance of the
buildings by the users themselves. However, the input of incompatible uses has,
always, involved alterations of the spatial configuration of the pre-existence,
by highly transformative interventions that have produced, moreover,
considerable loss of matter. The choice of new functions must be made, therefore,
after a preventive evaluation of compatibility.
This
paper explains the function of constructive knowledge in the analysis and
evaluation on existing buildings, focusing on the physical status and promoting
investigations to recognize its technological features and the bonds that have
to be respected. The studied cases underline a continous
research of technological solutions that aim to guarantee the new function’s
settling in reversibility conditions of the intervention.
Key-words:
technological features, new uses, technological solutions, reversibility
conditions
La reversibilità nel rinforzo di strutture lignee con interventi estradossali
n.d.
Inversione temporale e azioni
provvisorie. Due modi della reversibilità.
Nell'ambito del dibattito sul restauro architettonico è possibile imbattersi nel termine reversibilità usato secondo accezioni differenti: la prima fa riferimento a una tecnica o a un prodotto che ha la proprietà di essere rimosso in qualunque momento, la seconda alla possibilità di attuare un'inversione temporale, una sorta di riparazione ai guasti dell'uomo e del tempo per ristabilire una configurazione dell'edificio che si pensa sia quella "del pristino splendore". Il saggio sviluppa questi argomenti avendo come filo conduttore da una lato la teoria di Cesare Brandi e i fraintendimenti operati da coloro che, spesso strumentalmente, ad essa si rifanno e dall'altro riflettendo sulla reversibilità come sospensione, come possibilità di operare per azioni provvisorie. KEY-WORDS: time, Brandi, suspension, temporariness
Restauro di opere
restaurate: problematiche d’intervento in due casi limite.
Over 35
years of working experience as a restorer I have had the possibility and
necessity to intervene on artworks already subjected to previous
restorations. Amongst the many
experiences it could be relevant to report two significant cases that have
allowed to evaluate the level of reversibility of
materials most frequently used in the past and sometimes still in use. The
first example concerns with the restoration process of a painted mud surface
(wall decorations of the cenotaph of Alexander the Great at Kom
Madi) treated ten years before with high
concentration of Paraloid B72 and kept in unfavourable conditions
(high temperature and low humidity). The
second example instead concerns with damages due to a layer of silicatic product applied at the beginning of the XX
century on an Egyptian sarcophagus made of stucco wood and painted. In both
cases it has been necessary to intervene again on material not artificially
deteriorated.
Key-Words:
Vincenzo Borasi,
Paolo Piantanida
È culturalmente irrinunciabile il requisito della rever-sibilità nei
progetti di recupero funzionale di strutture antiche
autentiche in legno?
After a
brief summary of the different timber framing which can be found in the ancient
architectures, the Authors list some examples of repairing that they feel anthologically distinctive as far as restoration of existing timber
framing is concerned. The description is
aimed to highlight the distinction between traditional and innovative
techniques and anyway, between the ones giving reversible results and the
others with non-reversible outcomes.
KEY-WORD:
reversibility, building renovation, timber work requirements, ancient timber
framing,
Carlo Serino, Antonio
Iaccarino Idelson
Perni per l’assemblaggio reversibile di manufatti frammentari
New
reversible dowels for conservation of small and middle sized stone artefacts
are described.
They
are conceived for facing the problem of reversibility when there is no access
to the dowel after the two surfaces have been joined. Dowels are used as the
traditional ones, but can be opened with a two step procedure: at first the
pieces are pulled apart along dowel direction, they can be then separated by
opening a safety lock or by cutting the exposed part of dowel. This provides a
reliable bond even in case of accidental opening of joint.
Some
case histories are presented, and also a simple method for making coaxial holes
in stone surfaces that need to house a pin.
KEY-WORDS:
reversibile dowel, metal reinforcement, titanium, stone,
de-restoration, reversibility.
Guido Biscontin, Elisabetta
Zendri, Guido Driussi
Reversibilità e prestazioni delle operazioni e dei prodotti per il restauro
The termodynamic reversibility is not always applicable to the
conservation field. The “reversibility” level depends on the typology of the restoration’s
operation and generally is necessary to reach a compromise.
In this
paper are also analyzed some methods usually applied for the evaluation of the
reversibility of protective and consolidant products
and the characteristics of the “reversibility” are discussed.
Key-word:
Reversibility, evaluation, water absorption
Reversibilità e smontabilità nei progetti di gestione e fruizione dei beni archeologici: i casi dell’anfiteatro
romano di Cagliari e del teatro romano di Nora a confronto con le prescrizioni
internazionali e altri modelli di intervento
The
main goal oft this work is to point out the role of reversibility and
dismountable structures in the valorisation projects of archaeological
heritage. The actual wish to use archaeological sites for public entertainment
without dangering ancient ruins, is leading to an
immoderate use of dismountable technologic systems able to hold many
spectators, but at the risk of bury and forget our properties and monuments
under a steel cover. Moreover the research for reversibility induces to the
construction of a series of provisional and temporary structures such as
cantilever roofs, fencing, paths, and so on, often not really good in terms of quality
of design and of environmental interference.
The
positioning and assembly of structures reveals only partly reversible even if
dismountable especially in the joint between structure and litic
support, damaging seriously the monument.
The
analysis starts from the symbolic case of rehabilitation projects for the roman
amphitheatre in
KEY-WORD:
reversibility, dismountable structures, fruition of archaeological sites,
accessibility.
Maria Grazia Vinardi, Marie Helene Cully
La ritrattabilità e la durabilità nella conservazione delle
superfici: il portale di santa maria di castello ad alessandria
The
essay illustrates the conservation works realized on the XVth
century portal of
Santa Maria di Castello’s
Church in
The
difficulties that emerged from this building site refer, on one side, to the
intangibility of the very degraded superfaces,
and on the other one, to the necessity of the elimination of dust and other
particles laying on the portal. These phenomena need to be connected to the
compatibility of the new intervention with the previous one and to the
necessity to guarantee its duration in the years, its effectiveness and its retractability. The operations led with the restorer and
the technician of the cleaning laser, give evidence to
the minimal intervention, paying attention to constant need of control of the
restoration works.
KEY-WORD:
Reversibilità e architettura sulle preesistenze. Questioni di metodo
nel rapporto tra antico e nuovo
The
theme of reversibility goes with the history restoration since the beginning of
its modern approach. The enlightenment reply to the scientific nature petitions
made by a culture already aware of the separation between past and present, the
principle of reversibility was proved with the passing of time to be as much
effective in the pictorial field as vulnerable to the scale passages defined by
other figurative arts, mainly architecture. Its dimensional differences, linked
to the specificity of its irreversible interactions between form and substance,
have exposed this principle to troubled debates on its adequacy to the
architectural restoration both in terms of theoretical legitimacy and practical
implementation.
The
intent of this contribution is willing to verify the topical interest of this
debate, through the example of some recent interventions on ancient buildings,
where the meeting between Old and New seems to be more successful as being more
emancipated by the principles needs, and subject to the need of a true relationship
where the disagreements between shapes, materials and technologies make the way
for calmer discussions, which are often the more effective the more they
clearly result by the interaction between the parties.
Key-Word:
Reversibility, old
and new, materials and technologies, tradition and modernity.
Alessandra Maniaci, Olivia
Parisi
La reversibilità nel costruito storico: lettura e analisi critica
delle architetture “stratificate” in Sicilia.
As time
goes by the believing in the
“possibility of the reversibility” in the restauration
has involved the use of different methodology and experimentations of
techniques and materials of witch they couled not be
know the effect on the “ formal
and material original integrity”.
The pratice has been accertained
the real difficulty of intervene in the built in the respect of this principle
and the at
times extreme incompatibility of the
materials used, that, in the long run, have
baited process of irreversible
degrade. The wish to return the
object his formal integrity and bring again it “to the maximum splendour” has
done as to retain possible to eliminate the stratifications and the juxtapositions (previously introduced to adjust the
manufactured article to use
and different demands) as if those juxtapositions could have been
automatically cancelled without any trace. But that is not how it is, and we wont to prove
how it is, and we wont to prove
how each intervention on the
built is essentially irreversible. Some buildings / document will be
analysed, particularly in the Sicilian area, to empathise the interaction that
have developed between homogeneous or not, fixed or movable materials that have
come in contact and sometimes in contrast of the matter and which existence and
duration produced indelible and
incontrovertible irreversible signs.
KEY
WORD: Restoration, safeguard, irreversible, building/document
Bruno Billeci, Gabriela
Frulio
Dal riconoscibile al reversibile: restauri in Sardegna tra XIX e XX secolo
The aim
of the present paper is to analyse in chronological order some restoration
works in
Key-word:
Antonella Postorino, Laura
Messina, Sergio De Vivo
Rapporti e contraddizioni tra reversibilita’,
compatibilita’ e durabilita’, negli interventi
di recupero dei centri storici della provincia di reggio calabria
The
approach of the reversibility can change in the case in which the object to be
restored is a work of art of painting or sculpture, an architectural monument,
an historical center or the landscape, and to the
meantime it has to express itself in appropriate way inserting itself in the
contingent reality of the object to preserve.
The
historical centers are not anything else other than
big monuments materialized in the union of so many values: environmental,
historical, physical, cultural, economic and social. The broad value of a
historical center finds nourishment in its material
culture, therefore it’s important that any human action can upset the
equilibrium consolidated durign the time, between the
man and the environment. We haven't to forget the difficult contact with the
reality of a territory in which the earthquakes have made everything
provisional, beginning from the houses ‘baraccate’,
up to the conditions of instability of the structures tried by the shakes,
therefore the sense of temporarily determined or of precariousness that can
make to intend the concept of reversibility (even if so it is not) how can be
understood from the point of view of the psychological appeal? Can it make to
collapse the myths of the certainties (stability, safety, protection,
continuity) that it has to offer the house for the life?
Key-
words: material culture, project of maintenance, natural/artificial materials,
wood, mortar, plaster, technological innovation.
Fabio Bevilacqua,
Anna De Palma
La reversibilità'
dell'intervento virtuale per una migliore definizione delle scelte progettuali
irreversibili. Un caso di studio sulle superfici intonacate
Gli interventi di restauro virtuale consentono di prefigurare i risultati esecutivi del progetto, passo dopo passo, come se si operasse sul corpo reale della fabbrica, ma con operazioni assolutamente "revocabili". Il tema della reversibilità è quindi ricondotto nei limiti dell'attività predittiva concessa alle fasi progettuali. Questo contributo intende sperimentare l'impiego delle tecniche di elaborazione dell'immagine nella conservazione delle superfici intonacate, settore nel quale la diversità e la varietà delle situazioni creano non poche difficoltà di valutazione dell'impatto del restauro finale, specie nei casi in cui si intenda conservare il più possibile le stratificazioni originali e il progetto si ponga l'obiettivo di lasciare tracce intenzionali non equivoche. In tale contesto può rivelarsi utile, prima di agire direttamente sulla fabbrica e senza affidarsi esclusivamente alla capacità di immaginazione del progettista, vagliare le soluzioni più idonee attraverso le simulazioni.
Keywords Reversibilità, realtà
virtuale, intervento restauro, intonaco, velatura
Quale reversibilita’ per le copie di
sculture nelle ville romane ?
The
custom to remove the sculptures from the historical gardens to preserve them
has constituted an important measure for them preservation. The substitution
with copies was the first step of the restoration of the comprehensive image of
the monument, but without equivalence between original and copy. The question
of copies reversibility opens a full discussion: the finally objective is put
the originals on again, with the necessary measures to guarantee the safety and
the preservation. These measures involve heavy political, economic and social
decisions and regard all the management of cultural estate. An intermediate
phase about reversibility could be to create a museum of the original
sculptures in the same historical garden: it will be possible a better
understanding of historical contexts and a good preservation of very damaged
sculptures.
Key-word:
copies, sculptures, museum, safety systems, Museo della Villa Doria
Pamphilj
Reversibilità e smontabilità di aggiunte
in legno lamellare a un complesso monastico quattrocentesco.
This
article concerns the project case study and the following development of light
laminated-wood structures added to create a cloister and a cross vault in a
complex of Monastery buildings dating back to the fifteenth century. These new
structures are part of the restoring works carried out to preserve a former Olivetan Monastery built in 1468 in Nerviano
(
The
study focuses on acknowledging reversibility as a utopia and on defining more
appropriate concepts, such as disassemblability and removability which reflect the project guideline for minimum
interference between the additional architectural and functional elements and
the historical building. Very peculiar solutions have been adopted with a very
low impact on the existing building, thus ensuring the historical process both
for the past and the future.
KEY-WORDS Reversibility, Removability, Disassemblability, Monastery,
Luciano Roncai, Elisabetta Bondioni, Stefania Terenzoni
Il torrazzo di cremona: interventi di conservazione
The
preservation and safety project carried out on the Torrazzo
of Cremona between the autumn of 2001 and the spring
of 2003 was in response to the necessity to stop the decay of the stone
materials on the monument’s external faces, in certain cases in impending
danger of falling in the form of fragments, and in any case risky for the
safety of passers-by.
The
restoration work has presented the present operator with a wide variety of
conservational problems: with regard to the methodological and practical
answers, reversibility has been achieved in almost all the themes confronted in
the course of the project, except where safety requirements had to be
respected.
Key-word:
Torrazzo of
Chiara Calderini, Sergio
Lagomarsino e Stefano Podestà
Reversibilità e sicurezza: il consolidamento della volta
dell’ambulacro del castello dei fieschi a torriglia (ge)
The
paper aims to illustrate an example of structural intervention where reversibility
features are strictly connected with safety and conservative ones.
Reversibility is here conceived as “tool” for preservation more than a
theoretical assumption. Moreover, the possibility of a conservative use of
concrete, in order to bring back the ancient structure to its original
behaviour, is shown.
The
structural preservation project on the “Castello dei Fieschi” in Torriglia (GE) is presented. FEM analysis
of the original and repaired structure illustrate the structural meaning
of the project.
KEY-WORDS: reversibility, structural preservation, masonry
Michele Candela, Enrico
Guglielmo, Pierino Vacca
L'abbazia di san Michele Arcangelo sulla terra murata
nell'isola di Procida. Reversibilità' ed
evidenza dell'intervento di consolidamento strutturale con impiego di catene ed
apparecchi di collegamento non convenzionali
In the
consolidation and restoration works for the parsonage of San Michele Arcangelo, in Procida, Naples, it
has been possible to define the scope of work, the technical-operative
interventions, the structural remedies, intended as a whole, consistent plan,
only after assessing the status of the parsonage itself, as well as of the side
wall of the main abbey. The reading and interpretation of the cracks situation
was even more diffìcult owing to the
"hiding" produced by the previous interventions and related methods.
In the absence of any restoration works, in fact, a cladding system and mutual
links by means of reinforced curbs and tie-rods (made with bundles of round
irons) had been placed against the rather inadequate wall thickness. The idea
of visibility of the intervention has guided our restoration works that give
structural remedies their full architectural potential, aiming to' spatial
characterization and figurative quality. The intervention was notably simple,
totally reversible and clearly evident. It is easily applicable to all cases,
rather common, of walls in need to be anchored to structures behind them, whose
solid nuclei are not positioned according to the alignments, which would allow
for an ordinary disposition of steel tie-rods.
KEY-WORD:
wide-spread cracks, oxidation, restoration's restoration, reversibility and
evidence, non-conventional linking system.
The immence quality of sizing
in reversibilty in restoration
In
Ottoman bookbindings and inscriptions the papers,
which were used in between XIII- XIV centuries. were mostly Middle Asia originated. Starting
from the last decades of the XIV. Century they started using the papers
coming from northern
KEYWORDS:
Sizing (Aher), Polished (Mühre),
Egg size, Sized paper
Considerazioni in merito alle principali tecniche
di intervento sui solai lignei: efficacia, reversibilità, compatibilità
ambientale.
Nell’ambito di un intervento eseguito sul solaio ligneo tardo settecentesco di un appartamento d’abitazione nel centro storico di Cremona, che presentava i sintomi caratteristici del degrado propri di tali strutture, si è approfondito il confronto la più diffuse metodologie di intervento, individuando una porzione di solaio ‘campione’ e testando su questa le tecniche, da quelle tradizionali a quelle più recenti di uso comune.
Si è effettuata una approfondita ricerca sulla manualistica e sui trattati, nonché una indagine sul campo (restauratori, imprese di restauro) per individuare le più diffuse tecniche di intervento. Si sono quindi schedate e verificate le ricette (reperibilità dei materiali, eventuale tossicità, costi) e le tecniche di applicazione, con l’obiettivo di verificarne l’efficacia, la durata e la reversibilità.
Una volta poste in opera, le tecniche di intervento sono state monitorate e confrontate sotto molteplici aspetti (efficacia, reversibilità, modalità di applicazione, durabilità, sicurezza degli operatori, rispetto dell’ambiente).
KEY-WORD: solai, legno, stucco, Cremona
L’intervento come strato di sacrificio o come materia dell’opera?
Livelli di reversibilità nel progetto di conservazione della statua di messina
riconoscente alla sovrana concessione del porto franco
The
statue of
KEY WORDS: statue, concrete mortars, metallic elements, degradation, restoration, reversibility
Giovanni Cavallo, Simona Del
Pietro, Chiara Lumia
Reversibilità e irreversibilità nei restauri sui dipinti murali in Canton Ticino nella prima metà del novecento
Il contributo analizza nello specifico le problematiche
di reversibilità e irreversibilità in tre casi di intervento
su manufatti ticinesi: la chiesa di S. Maria degli Angioli a Lugano, la chiesa
di S. Nicolao a Giornico e la chiesa di S. Francesco
a Locarno. La ricerca è stata condotta mediante
ricerche d’archivio, bibliografiche e sulla base delle risultanze
di indagini di laboratorio effettuate su alcuni microcampioni
prelevati dagli edifici. Le problematiche emerse sono analizzate valutando
l’incidenza del concetto di reversibilità nel clima intellettuale del restauro
ticinese; il contenuto culturale e la elaborazione
delle scelte; le eventuali modalità applicative nella prassi operativa; le
connessioni con la compatibilità, efficacia e durabilità dei trattamenti
conservativi con la natura del supporto. Parole chiave:
reversibilità, autenticità, compatibilità, trattamenti, restauro,
conservazione, affresco, intonaco, S. Maria degli Angioli, S. Nicolao,
S. Francesco.
Reversibilità e irreversibilità nella tutela e nel
restauro in canton ticino nella prima metà del novecento
Abstract:
This work analyses problems related to reversibility
in the activity of conservation and restoration made in
Key
words: reversibility, protection, restoration, conservation, authenticity, Cantone Ticino.
Sulla (ir)reversibilità degli interventi sulle fronti esterne
dell’edilizia minore della sicilia nord-orientale
The
research about conservation of façades of historical buildings in north-eastern
KEY-WORDS:
Façades, north-eastern
La chiesa veneziana di san maurizio: il restauro
della facciata a trent’anni dall’ultimo intervento.
The
previous restoration and consolidation operation on the frontal decoration of
the church occurred thirty years ago. Synthetic resins were used as
consolidation material. Today after that first restoration operation the
situation is grave with several parts of the frontal decoration disintegrating.
The
tests and the analyses on the decorative materials suggested that different
approaches were needed during the new restoration. The bas-reliefs and the
coverings were cleaned and the old resin removed where possible. Subsequently,
damaged parts have been reconstructed and put back in situ using fiberglass pins/rods fixed with epoxy resins. However after
a series of texts the statues were removed from their pedestals and relocated
inside the church, prior to their substitution with copies. The previous
restoration results, in this specific case, forced a radical
Keywords: synthetic resins, Pietra d'Istria, Pietra tenera di Vicenza (Pietra di Costozza), Biancone di Verona
Interventi reversibili sulle strutture voltate? Esempi tra il XVI ed il XIX secolo.
L’analisi di alcune centinaia di strutture voltate condotta per conto di una ricerca Murst iniziata nel 1998 e continuata negli anni successivi (con Assegno di Ricerca a.a. 1999-2003), ha permesso di avere a disposizione un materiale particolarmente ricco di informazioni sull’arte di costruire in periodo preindustriale.
L’analisi archeologica di queste strutture ha consentito di distinguere gli interventi eseguiti sulle volte stesse contemporaneamente alla loro costruzione da quelli, invece, realizzati in tempi diversi (per motivi vari: trasformazioni, adeguamenti, riparazioni, manutenzioni ripetute, posizionamento di puntelli, ecc).
Tra gli interventi successivi sono emersi alcuni sistemi di cerchiaggio e di incatenamento con elementi in ferro e/o tramite nervature in muratura. In alcuni casi sulla volta ne permangono tracce più o meno consistenti, altre volte, ma più raramente, i segni sono molto contenuti. In alcuni casi si registra un unico fatto isolato, in altri sulla stessa struttura si hanno più operazioni successive. Talvolta questi sistemi raggiungono un buon livello dal punto di vista del rispetto materico dell’oggetto su cui sono stati applicati; altre volte il giudizio è decisamente sfavorevole.
Nell’articolo questi interventi vengono analizzati e confrontati alla luce del concetto di reversibilità.
In alcuni casi sembra ravvisabile una differenza di indirizzo in relazione alle diverse epoche storiche (propensione all’utilizzo di un sistema piuttosto che un altro).
Il periodo cronologico a cui appartengono le strutture (dal XVI al XIX secolo) e gli interventi sulle stesse (dal XVI al XX) permettono una buona panoramica.
Key-words:
architecture archaeology, vaults, chains, reversibility
Concept of preservation and
the Research on reversibility in restoration
n.d.
Riflessioni sulla foderatura
Comparative
test on the characteristics of adhesives for relining are been effected
underlining the distinction between experimentation and intervention on the
work of art. The application of the adhesives is been maked
in one type of cloth for all the samples prescinding
from the needs of the differents ways that will reguire differents cloths. The analyzed adhesive have
been five: two variations of glue of pasta; that to cold; the Beva; the Wax-resin. The effected tests have been: the verification
of the increase of weight of the adhesive; the bending; the resistance to the
tear of the adhesive to verify the different difficulty in the removal of the
cloths of sheath. The tests have underlined a remarkable difference of physical
behaviors in relationship to the adhesive, putting in
evidence as none of them introduced the best characteristics on all the
positive considered parameters, thats is: lightness,
flexibility and facility of separation.
For this reason it make stronger the belief that any procedure of restauration can be intended curative of the conservative
conditions of the work of art, even if it can result essential to obviate
conservative deficit of the same one. In
second place are been perceived the different characteristics of permeability
of the structure after the treatment, even if not documented with specific
experiments, and therefore as the use of the glue of pasta, with the most
balanced chart of positive characteristics, result more convincing for all
those works of art already defined traditional, that is in the painting untill the second half of the eighteenth century.
KEY-WORD: painted cloth, Relining, Wax-resin and Glue-paste Lining.
Moreno Binci,
Marcello Agostinelli
Rappresentare la reversibilità
Reversibility
should immediately be assessed in the initial stages of any restoration
project; the materials to be used must be compatible, with proven durability;
where and how they are placed will however impact reversibility as well as
level of potential removal. The intervention must be planned with particular
care, clearly defining details of the working method and corret
use of materials. What is reversibility? It is the possibility of taking apart
and removing, with a graphic description monitoring the deconstruction and
subsequent re-assembling procedures. This process naturally encourages full and
effective consideration of a minimum intervention, i.e. one limited to what is
strictly necessary.
This
presentation proposes a new project planning computer technique which can be
considered as being at the frontier between traditional paper-based and new
multimedia planning approaches. The latter provide a valuable facility to
explore step by step the assembly of each of the construction details. Such a
computer based interactive approach offers the possibility of extrapolate the techical components, to identify basic architectural
details, level and kind of deterioration and proposed method of intervention,
and, inversely, using these various components, to examine how the specific
project fits the general architectural body.
KEY-WORD: reversibility, representation, multimedia planning approaches
Benedetto Pizzo, Mario
Moschi, Paolo Lavisci
Valutazione quantitativa del grado di reversibilità nel restauro di elementi strutturali lignei
The
consolidation of wooden structural elements is executed when a form of
degradation is present, either of biological type (like attack by mushrooms or
insects) or mechanic type (like breaks and disarrangements). In order to avoid
the replacement of the whole beam, the most diffusing technique of intervention
consists in only substituting the decayed head by mean of a solid wood
prosthesis “sewn” to old wood through bars, in steel or other materials, glued
with epoxy adhesives.
This type
of intervention introduces some elements of irreversibility: the cutting off of
some sound wood is required to securely connect the prosthesis with the old
wood. But on the other hand, an intervention is necessary because of the
irreversible presence of the degradation. Then, it is correct to ask oneself if
a structural consolidation has to integrally be reversible.
Based on these considerations, the present contribution proposes a possible definition of the ‘reversibility factor’ referred to the specific case of the interventions on decayed wooden heads. This quantity considers measurable parameters involved in the interventions, like the volume that has to be removed for disassembling the prosthesis, and it enables to quantify the amount of the permanent alteration caused to the wooden element. A criterion of acceptability of the interventions based on the ‘reversibility factor’ is also given.
Monica D'Agelantonio,
Zuleika Esposto, Francesco Trovò
Gli interventi sulle superfici intonacate veneziane. valutazioni in ordine ai requisiti di reversibilità.
Reversibility,
as cultural constituted requisite, could be broadly speaking meant
Repeatability, especially reguarding plasters of
external fronts of Venetian historic housebuildings.
About
five different ways of intervention on them have been individuated but the
highest percentual of the works is concerned of demolition
and then sostitution of plaster. The new plaster is
generally different in materials and tecniques of
realization, making neglected the principles of Preservation.
In
facts the ultimate end of Preservation is to extend the treatments of a
building, in order to appreciate its peculiarities and its historical and
documental values.
For
these reasons moderating the various impacts of daily works on the external
fronts of
Key-words:
Plaster,
Aspetti di reversibilità nel consolidamento di volte in muratura
In this
paper a reinforcement technique is presented, which employs a light but
cohesive backfill material, such as concrete lightened with polystyrene. The
simple substitution of a heavy backfill material with
a lighter but
not cohesive one,
even if reduces
the vertical load
and the thrust
at abutments, worsens the static behaviour of the arch since the thrust
line trace is more influenced by the live loads. Instead a cohesive backfill
works as a diaphragm that contains the flexural actions also in the
particularly unfavourable conditions of concentrated or asymmetrical loads. The
proposed backfill material is non invasive, can be easily removed, due to its
poor resistance, and therefore the rehabilitation intervention can be reversed. The technique has
yet been used
in some rehabilitation interventions
on historical buildings.
A series of experimental tests on a physical model of masonry vault is
herein presented.
KEY-WORDS Backfill material, vaults, arches, rehabilitation.
il portale di S. Vigilio al castello del Buonconsiglio, individuazione e reversibilita’
degli applicativi impiegati nel corso dell’intervento del 1981, per il restauro
del 2002.
The
complete restoration works of the portal (made in local white and red
limestone) has begun after the completion of a series of analysis done under
scientifically accepted standards, and however useful to characterize the
methodologies to carry out the appropriate works. One of the first angles realized
during this introductory survey, was to identify the old strengthening polymers
used on the stone ornaments during the works performed in 1981, works that
could be defined the first portal restoration works.
The
reversibility sublet came out during the samplings for the surfaces cleaning,
when some deep purplish stains where examined and turned out to be a resin
applied during the first intervention.
The
need to find the reversibility of the resin used during the old consolidation
work was of fundamental interest.
Keywords: reversibility / polyurethanic resins / stone restoration / stone cleaning / St. Vigilio Portal / Buonconsiglio Castle Trento / Trento / uv fluorescence and resins / strippers tests.
Atanasie Popescu, Charles Nelson, Jay Brandle,
Reversibility in restoration:
the particular case of some historic mansions from
The
reversibility in restoration of the American architectural heritage started to
be applied later as in
KEYWORDS:
redstone (
Interventi per il tessuto urbano di Ortigia (SR): la reversibilità come parametro per la
selezione delle tecnologie di intervento
In the
last twenty years, the
Key-words: ambiente urbano, tecnologie di intervento, prestazioni, identità
Giuseppina Suardi,
Elisabetta Rosina, Alberto Grimoldi, Antonio Sansonetti
La volta absidale dell’abbazia di viboldone (milano): la
reversibilità a garanzia della conservazione
In 2002
a delicate restoration of the apse vault was accomplished in the Viboldone Abbey. The plaster of the front half vault has a
decoration: it is a Sinopia of the holy Trinity,
never frescoed. During the scraping of
the non adequate patches, in the texture of the vault appeared a transversal
cut, 4-7 cm large and 3 m length, crossing the whole thickness of the masonry.
A
preliminary thermography of the surface (november 2000) detected the
corresponding thermal anomaly, but the kind of the discontinuity was determined
only in 2002, by removing the plaster. The authors took a complete
documentation of this anomaly (comprehensive of the microscope analysis of the
mortars and finishing) for further researches, and within December 2002 the
restoration was completed by sealing the cut, in order to prevent any dangerous
falling of pieces and quoins from the vault. The criteria of the intervention
are addressed to preserve any evidence and traces of the occurred changes to
the sinopia and the cut, in order to document the
changes of mind and taste regarding the decoration set in time.
KEY-WORDS:
Sinopia, masonry vault, IRT, SEM Microscopy,
La reversibilità del ritocco pittorico sulle pitture murali
particolarmente esposte agli agenti atmosferici
nd.
Alberto Felici, Mariarosa
Lanfranchi, Giancarlo Lanterna, Maria Rizzi
Alcune esperienze nell’uso del ciclododecano nel restauro delle
pitture murali
nd
A.
Moropoulou, N.P. Avdelidis, G. Haralampopoulos
THE COMPATIBILITY OF CONSOLIDation materials and treatment to the
masonry stone as a prerequisite to a reversible conservation intervention
nd.
Reversibility principles in the design of shelters over open air
museums
nd.